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Alomone Labs mglu2 receptors

Fig. 4 <t>mGlu2/3</t> receptor expres- sion is increased in infant rats prenatally exposed to VPA. a–c Western blotting of synapto- somes obtained from forebrains of control and VPA rats at P13 (a), P35 (b), and P90 (c). 30 μg of protein for lane was loaded. d Quantification of mGlu2/3 receptor expression levels nor- malized on actin. The level of dimers was too low to be accu- rately quantified. Mean ± SEM. Data are expressed as percent- age of respective controls. ***p < 0.001 versus respective controls by unpaired t-test

Mglu2 Receptors, supplied by Alomone Labs, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 2 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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mglu2 receptors - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09

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1) Product Images from "Group I and group II metabotropic glutamate receptors are upregulated in the synapses of infant rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid."

Article Title: Group I and group II metabotropic glutamate receptors are upregulated in the synapses of infant rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid.

Journal: Psychopharmacology

doi: 10.1007/s00213-023-06457-w

Fig. 4 mGlu2/3 receptor expres- sion is increased in infant rats prenatally exposed to VPA. a–c Western blotting of synapto- somes obtained from forebrains of control and VPA rats at P13 (a), P35 (b), and P90 (c). 30 μg of protein for lane was loaded. d Quantification of mGlu2/3 receptor expression levels nor- malized on actin. The level of dimers was too low to be accu- rately quantified. Mean ± SEM. Data are expressed as percent- age of respective controls. ***p < 0.001 versus respective controls by unpaired t-test

Figure Legend Snippet: Fig. 4 mGlu2/3 receptor expres- sion is increased in infant rats prenatally exposed to VPA. a–c Western blotting of synapto- somes obtained from forebrains of control and VPA rats at P13 (a), P35 (b), and P90 (c). 30 μg of protein for lane was loaded. d Quantification of mGlu2/3 receptor expression levels nor- malized on actin. The level of dimers was too low to be accu- rately quantified. Mean ± SEM. Data are expressed as percent- age of respective controls. ***p < 0.001 versus respective controls by unpaired t-test

Techniques Used: Western Blot, Control, Expressing

Blocking Assay:

Article Title: Group I and group II metabotropic glutamate receptors are upregulated in the synapses of infant rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid
Article Snippet: Filters were processed as indicated by the manufacturer of WesternBreeze Chemiluminescent Immunodetection System kit (Invitrogen). .. In brief, filters were blocked for 30 min with blocking solution and then incubated overnight at 4 °C with the following primary antibodies: anti-mGlu1α (mouse, 1:1000, G209-488 BD Pharmingen), anti-mGlu5 (rabbit, 1:2000, ab76316 Abcam), anti mGlu2/3 (rabbit, 1:1000, AB1553 Chemicon), anti-mGlu3 (rabbit, 1:500, AGC-012 Alomone Lab), anti-mGlu3 (rabbit, 1:1000, ab140741 Abcam), anti-mGlu3 (rabbit, 1:100, sc-271899 Santa Cruz), anti-mGlu2 (rabbit, 1:500, AGC-011 Alomone Lab), anti-mGlu2 (rabbit, 1:1000, ab150387 Abcam), anti-pan Homer (H-311) (rabbit, 1:1000, sc-15321 Santa Cruz), anti-Homer 1a (goat, 1:1000, sc-8922 Santa Cruz), anti-Norbin (mouse, 1:700, ab88877 Abcam), anti-β-actin (8H10D10) (mouse, 1:1000, #3700 Cell Signaling), and anti-GFAP (mouse, 1:100, MAB360 Millipore). .. After washing with TBST (Tris (100 mM, Sigma), sodium chloride (NaCl, 0.9%, Sigma), and Tween 20 (1%, Sigma)), filters were incubated with alkaline phosphatase-conjugated secondary anti-rabbit antibodies from Invitrogen kit at room temperature.

Article Title: Group I and group II metabotropic glutamate receptors are upregulated in the synapses of infant rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid.
Article Snippet: Filters were processed as indicated by the manufacturer of WesternBreeze Chemiluminescent Immunodetection System kit (Invitrogen). .. In brief, filters were blocked for 30 min with blocking solution and then incubated overnight at 4 °C with the following primary antibodies: anti-mGlu1α (mouse, 1:1000, G209488 BD Pharmingen), anti-mGlu5 (rabbit, 1:2000, ab76316 Abcam), anti mGlu2/3 (rabbit, 1:1000, AB1553 Chemicon), anti-mGlu3 (rabbit, 1:500, AGC-012 Alomone Lab), anti-mGlu3 (rabbit, 1:1000, ab140741 Abcam), anti-mGlu3 (rabbit, 1:100, sc-271899 Santa Cruz), anti-mGlu2 (rabbit, 1:500, AGC-011 Alomone Lab), anti-mGlu2 (rabbit, 1:1000, ab150387 Abcam), anti-pan Homer (H-311) (rabbit, 1:1000, sc-15321 Santa Cruz), anti-Homer 1a (goat, 1:1000, sc-8922 Santa Cruz), anti-Norbin (mouse, 1:700, ab88877 Abcam), anti-β-actin (8H10D10) (mouse, 1:1000, #3700 Cell Signaling), and anti-GFAP (mouse, 1:100, MAB360 Millipore). .. After washing with TBST (Tris (100 mM, Sigma), sodium chloride (NaCl, 0.9%, Sigma), and Tween 20 (1%, Sigma)), filters were incubated with alkaline phosphatase-conjugated secondary anti-rabbit antibodies from Invitrogen kit at room temperature.

Incubation:

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Journal: Psychopharmacology

Article Title: Group I and group II metabotropic glutamate receptors are upregulated in the synapses of infant rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid.

doi: 10.1007/s00213-023-06457-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4 mGlu2/3 receptor expres- sion is increased in infant rats prenatally exposed to VPA. a–c Western blotting of synapto- somes obtained from forebrains of control and VPA rats at P13 (a), P35 (b), and P90 (c). 30 μg of protein for lane was loaded. d Quantification of mGlu2/3 receptor expression levels nor- malized on actin. The level of dimers was too low to be accu- rately quantified. Mean ± SEM. Data are expressed as percent- age of respective controls. ***p < 0.001 versus respective controls by unpaired t-test

Article Snippet: We could not study the expression of mGlu2 receptors because the commercially available antibodies that we have used (Abcam and Alomone Lab) labeled nonspecific bands that were still present in lysates from mGlu2 receptor KO mice (Supplementary Figure 1c).

Techniques: Western Blot, Control, Expressing

mGlu2/3 receptors genetic deletion or pharmacological blockade abrogates methamphetamine (Metha)-induced memory deficit in mice. Exploration time in seconds (sec) during the retention phase in the NOR task in wild-type ( A ), mGlu2 −/− ( B ), and mGlu3 −/− ( C ) mice treated with saline or Metha (1 mg/kg, i.p.) for 5 consecutive days. All mice were tested after 7 d of withdrawal (i.e., day 9 d 11). D–F , The performance on the NOR task for wild-type mice after 7 d of withdrawal following the same treatment with saline or Metha and injected 30 min before the training phase in the NOR paradigm with vehicle (DMSO, 40 µl i.p.), the selective negative modulator of the mGlu2 (VU6001966, 10 mg/kg, i.p.), or mGlu3 (VU0650786, 30 mg/kg, i.p.) receptor, respectively. Data are means ± SEM: Wilcoxon two-tailed matched-pair signed–rank test in A , B , D , and E (metha) and F (saline); two-way ANOVA for repeated measures with Bonferroni’s for multiple comparisons (novel vs familiar, F (1,44) = 23.72; p = 1.5 *10 −5 ; treatment, F (1,44) = 0.0021; p = 0.96; interaction, F (1,44) = 0.0059; p = 0.94) in C ; paired two-tailed Student’s t test in F , metha ( t = 2.375; df = 7). * p values are shown in the figure.

Journal: eNeuro

Article Title: Adaptive Changes in Group 2 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Underlie the Deficit in Recognition Memory Induced by Methamphetamine in Mice

doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0523-23.2024

Figure Lengend Snippet: mGlu2/3 receptors genetic deletion or pharmacological blockade abrogates methamphetamine (Metha)-induced memory deficit in mice. Exploration time in seconds (sec) during the retention phase in the NOR task in wild-type ( A ), mGlu2 −/− ( B ), and mGlu3 −/− ( C ) mice treated with saline or Metha (1 mg/kg, i.p.) for 5 consecutive days. All mice were tested after 7 d of withdrawal (i.e., day 9 d 11). D–F , The performance on the NOR task for wild-type mice after 7 d of withdrawal following the same treatment with saline or Metha and injected 30 min before the training phase in the NOR paradigm with vehicle (DMSO, 40 µl i.p.), the selective negative modulator of the mGlu2 (VU6001966, 10 mg/kg, i.p.), or mGlu3 (VU0650786, 30 mg/kg, i.p.) receptor, respectively. Data are means ± SEM: Wilcoxon two-tailed matched-pair signed–rank test in A , B , D , and E (metha) and F (saline); two-way ANOVA for repeated measures with Bonferroni’s for multiple comparisons (novel vs familiar, F (1,44) = 23.72; p = 1.5 *10 −5 ; treatment, F (1,44) = 0.0021; p = 0.96; interaction, F (1,44) = 0.0059; p = 0.94) in C ; paired two-tailed Student’s t test in F , metha ( t = 2.375; df = 7). * p values are shown in the figure.

Article Snippet: Gels were electroblotted on polyvinyldene fluoride membranes and filters blocked in 5% nonfat dry milk [60 min at room temperature (RT)] and then overnight incubated at 4°C with the following rabbit polyclonal ( rp ) or mouse monoclonal ( mm ) primary antibodies: rp anti-mGlu2/3 (Sigma-Aldrich; catalog #G9790; RRID, AB_259998; 1:500); rp anti-vGlut1 (Cell Signaling Technology; catalog #12331; RRID, AB_2797887; 1:500); rp anti-Rab3A (Thermo Fisher Scientific; catalog #PA1-4691; RRID, AB_2177399; 1:25,000); rp anti-Syn (Cell Signaling Technology, catalog #5461 s, 1:25,000); rp anti-Munc-18 (Abcam; catalog #ab124920; RRID, AB_10976239; 1:5,000,000); mm anti-xCT (TransGenic, catalog #KE021, 1:2,000); mm anti-AGS3 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology; catalog #sc-136482; RRID, AB_10608965; 1:300); mm anti-STX 1A (Merck Millipore, catalog #MAB336-C, 1:10,000); mm anti-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Santa Cruz Biotechnology; catalog #sc-32233; RRID, AB_627679; 1:1,000), or mm anti-β-actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology; catalog #sc69879; RRID, AB_1119529; 1:1,000).

Techniques: Saline, Injection, Two Tailed Test

Exposure to NOR does not affect the mGlu2/3 receptor expression in the PFC and NAc of wild-type mice. Western blot analysis for mGlu2/3 receptors expression in the PFC ( A ) and NAc ( B ) of wild-type mice treated with saline or methamphetamine (Metha; 1 mg/kg, i.p.) for 5 consecutive days. All mice were killed after 7 d of withdrawal (i.e., Day 11). Mice were not subjected to the NOR test. Prestained protein standards were loaded on the first lane as molecular mass markers (M). Densitometric values of the dimer (250 kDa), the monomer (100 kDa), or the sum of dimer + monomer (total) were analyzed. Protein extracts from the PFC ( A ) or NAc ( B ) of mGlu2 −/− , mGlu3 −/− , or mGlu2,3 −/− mice were used as negative controls. Data are means ± SEM. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test t ( t = 4.821; df = 14 for PFC dimer + monomer; t = 3.191; df = 14 for PFC monomer; t = 5.796; df = 14 for PFC dimer). * p values are shown in the figure.

Journal: eNeuro

Article Title: Adaptive Changes in Group 2 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Underlie the Deficit in Recognition Memory Induced by Methamphetamine in Mice

doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0523-23.2024

Figure Lengend Snippet: Exposure to NOR does not affect the mGlu2/3 receptor expression in the PFC and NAc of wild-type mice. Western blot analysis for mGlu2/3 receptors expression in the PFC ( A ) and NAc ( B ) of wild-type mice treated with saline or methamphetamine (Metha; 1 mg/kg, i.p.) for 5 consecutive days. All mice were killed after 7 d of withdrawal (i.e., Day 11). Mice were not subjected to the NOR test. Prestained protein standards were loaded on the first lane as molecular mass markers (M). Densitometric values of the dimer (250 kDa), the monomer (100 kDa), or the sum of dimer + monomer (total) were analyzed. Protein extracts from the PFC ( A ) or NAc ( B ) of mGlu2 −/− , mGlu3 −/− , or mGlu2,3 −/− mice were used as negative controls. Data are means ± SEM. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test t ( t = 4.821; df = 14 for PFC dimer + monomer; t = 3.191; df = 14 for PFC monomer; t = 5.796; df = 14 for PFC dimer). * p values are shown in the figure.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Saline, Two Tailed Test

Methamphetamine treatment does not affect motor activity at Day 7 of withdrawal. The protocol used for behavioral assessment of methamphetamine-induced cognitive dysfunction in the NOR test is shown in A . Locomotor activity in the open-field apparatus at Day 11 (6 d of withdrawal) is shown for wild-type ( B ), mGlu2 −/− ( C ), and mGlu3 −/− ( D ) mice treated with saline or methamphetamine. Data are means ± SEM.

Journal: eNeuro

Article Title: Adaptive Changes in Group 2 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Underlie the Deficit in Recognition Memory Induced by Methamphetamine in Mice

doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0523-23.2024

Figure Lengend Snippet: Methamphetamine treatment does not affect motor activity at Day 7 of withdrawal. The protocol used for behavioral assessment of methamphetamine-induced cognitive dysfunction in the NOR test is shown in A . Locomotor activity in the open-field apparatus at Day 11 (6 d of withdrawal) is shown for wild-type ( B ), mGlu2 −/− ( C ), and mGlu3 −/− ( D ) mice treated with saline or methamphetamine. Data are means ± SEM.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Saline

Methamphetamine (Metha) treatment does not affect the mGlu2/3 receptor expression in the perihinal cortex of wild-type, mGlu2 −/− , and mGlu3 −/− mice. Immunohistochemical analysis for mGlu2/3 receptors expression in the perirhinal cortex of wild-type ( A ), mGlu2 −/− ( B ), and mGlu3 −/− ( C ) mice treated with saline or Metha (1 mg/kg, i.p.) for 5 consecutive days. Mice were subjected to the NOR test at 7 d of withdrawal following the treatment with saline or Metha. All mice were killed after the NOR test. Densitometric values of mGlu2/3 immunoreactivity (ir) in the perirhinal cortex of wild-type, mGlu2 −/− , and mGlu3 −/− mice are shown in A ′ – C ′ , respectively.

Journal: eNeuro

Article Title: Adaptive Changes in Group 2 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Underlie the Deficit in Recognition Memory Induced by Methamphetamine in Mice

doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0523-23.2024

Figure Lengend Snippet: Methamphetamine (Metha) treatment does not affect the mGlu2/3 receptor expression in the perihinal cortex of wild-type, mGlu2 −/− , and mGlu3 −/− mice. Immunohistochemical analysis for mGlu2/3 receptors expression in the perirhinal cortex of wild-type ( A ), mGlu2 −/− ( B ), and mGlu3 −/− ( C ) mice treated with saline or Metha (1 mg/kg, i.p.) for 5 consecutive days. Mice were subjected to the NOR test at 7 d of withdrawal following the treatment with saline or Metha. All mice were killed after the NOR test. Densitometric values of mGlu2/3 immunoreactivity (ir) in the perirhinal cortex of wild-type, mGlu2 −/− , and mGlu3 −/− mice are shown in A ′ – C ′ , respectively.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemical staining, Saline

Possible molecular scenario underlying methamphetamine-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice. Treatment with methamphetamine leads to a large increase of expression levels of AGS3, Rab3A, and vGlut-1 in the PFC. The upregulation of AGS3 may cause a bias of G i protein signaling toward βγ subunit-activated pathways. Increased levels of Rab3A may induce an enhanced glutamate (Glu) release in cortical nerve terminals. Higher levels of the Glu vesicular transporter, vGlut1, suggest an increased density of glutamate-containing vesicles or an increased density of vGlut1 per vesicle or sprouting of glutamatergic terminals. Overall, these plastic changes may underlie the paradoxical amplification of Glu release caused by the activation of mGlu2/3 receptors. Therefore, the disruption of one the major mechanisms of the presynaptic regulation of glutamate release in cortical nerve terminals, with ensuing alteration of the signal-to-noise ratio during learning, may be responsible of cognitive dysfunction methamphetamine-induced. AGS3 , Type 3 activator of G-protein signaling; Rab3A , Ras-related protein 3A; vGlut1 , vesicular glutamate transporter 1.

Journal: eNeuro

Article Title: Adaptive Changes in Group 2 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Underlie the Deficit in Recognition Memory Induced by Methamphetamine in Mice

doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0523-23.2024

Figure Lengend Snippet: Possible molecular scenario underlying methamphetamine-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice. Treatment with methamphetamine leads to a large increase of expression levels of AGS3, Rab3A, and vGlut-1 in the PFC. The upregulation of AGS3 may cause a bias of G i protein signaling toward βγ subunit-activated pathways. Increased levels of Rab3A may induce an enhanced glutamate (Glu) release in cortical nerve terminals. Higher levels of the Glu vesicular transporter, vGlut1, suggest an increased density of glutamate-containing vesicles or an increased density of vGlut1 per vesicle or sprouting of glutamatergic terminals. Overall, these plastic changes may underlie the paradoxical amplification of Glu release caused by the activation of mGlu2/3 receptors. Therefore, the disruption of one the major mechanisms of the presynaptic regulation of glutamate release in cortical nerve terminals, with ensuing alteration of the signal-to-noise ratio during learning, may be responsible of cognitive dysfunction methamphetamine-induced. AGS3 , Type 3 activator of G-protein signaling; Rab3A , Ras-related protein 3A; vGlut1 , vesicular glutamate transporter 1.

Techniques: Expressing, Amplification, Activation Assay, Disruption

Journal: eNeuro

Article Title: Adaptive Changes in Group 2 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Underlie the Deficit in Recognition Memory Induced by Methamphetamine in Mice

doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0523-23.2024

Article Snippet: Slices were then incubated overnight at 4°C with a rabbit polyclonal anti-mGlu2/3 receptor antibody (1:50; Sigma-Aldrich; catalog #G9790; RRID, AB_259998).

Techniques: Saline, Injection, Two Tailed Test

Journal: eNeuro

Article Title: Adaptive Changes in Group 2 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Underlie the Deficit in Recognition Memory Induced by Methamphetamine in Mice

doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0523-23.2024

Article Snippet: Slices were then incubated overnight at 4°C with a rabbit polyclonal anti-mGlu2/3 receptor antibody (1:50; Sigma-Aldrich; catalog #G9790; RRID, AB_259998).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Saline, Two Tailed Test

Journal: eNeuro

Article Title: Adaptive Changes in Group 2 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Underlie the Deficit in Recognition Memory Induced by Methamphetamine in Mice

doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0523-23.2024

Article Snippet: Slices were then incubated overnight at 4°C with a rabbit polyclonal anti-mGlu2/3 receptor antibody (1:50; Sigma-Aldrich; catalog #G9790; RRID, AB_259998).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Saline

Journal: eNeuro

Article Title: Adaptive Changes in Group 2 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Underlie the Deficit in Recognition Memory Induced by Methamphetamine in Mice

doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0523-23.2024

Article Snippet: Slices were then incubated overnight at 4°C with a rabbit polyclonal anti-mGlu2/3 receptor antibody (1:50; Sigma-Aldrich; catalog #G9790; RRID, AB_259998).

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemical staining, Saline

Journal: eNeuro

Article Title: Adaptive Changes in Group 2 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Underlie the Deficit in Recognition Memory Induced by Methamphetamine in Mice

doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0523-23.2024

Article Snippet: Slices were then incubated overnight at 4°C with a rabbit polyclonal anti-mGlu2/3 receptor antibody (1:50; Sigma-Aldrich; catalog #G9790; RRID, AB_259998).

Techniques: Expressing, Amplification, Activation Assay, Disruption

mGlu2/3 receptor expression is increased in infant rats prenatally exposed to VPA. a–c Western blotting of synaptosomes obtained from forebrains of control and VPA rats at P13 ( a ), P35 ( b ), and P90 ( c ). 30 μg of protein for lane was loaded. d Quantification of mGlu2/3 receptor expression levels normalized on actin. The level of dimers was too low to be accurately quantified. Mean ± SEM. Data are expressed as percentage of respective controls. *** p < 0.001 versus respective controls by unpaired t -test

Journal: Psychopharmacology

Article Title: Group I and group II metabotropic glutamate receptors are upregulated in the synapses of infant rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid

doi: 10.1007/s00213-023-06457-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: mGlu2/3 receptor expression is increased in infant rats prenatally exposed to VPA. a–c Western blotting of synaptosomes obtained from forebrains of control and VPA rats at P13 ( a ), P35 ( b ), and P90 ( c ). 30 μg of protein for lane was loaded. d Quantification of mGlu2/3 receptor expression levels normalized on actin. The level of dimers was too low to be accurately quantified. Mean ± SEM. Data are expressed as percentage of respective controls. *** p < 0.001 versus respective controls by unpaired t -test

Article Snippet: In brief, filters were blocked for 30 min with blocking solution and then incubated overnight at 4 °C with the following primary antibodies: anti-mGlu1α (mouse, 1:1000, G209-488 BD Pharmingen), anti-mGlu5 (rabbit, 1:2000, ab76316 Abcam), anti mGlu2/3 (rabbit, 1:1000, AB1553 Chemicon), anti-mGlu3 (rabbit, 1:500, AGC-012 Alomone Lab), anti-mGlu3 (rabbit, 1:1000, ab140741 Abcam), anti-mGlu3 (rabbit, 1:100, sc-271899 Santa Cruz), anti-mGlu2 (rabbit, 1:500, AGC-011 Alomone Lab), anti-mGlu2 (rabbit, 1:1000, ab150387 Abcam), anti-pan Homer (H-311) (rabbit, 1:1000, sc-15321 Santa Cruz), anti-Homer 1a (goat, 1:1000, sc-8922 Santa Cruz), anti-Norbin (mouse, 1:700, ab88877 Abcam), anti-β-actin (8H10D10) (mouse, 1:1000, #3700 Cell Signaling), and anti-GFAP (mouse, 1:100, MAB360 Millipore).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot

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mglu2 receptors (Alomone Labs)

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